Self as a Writer Building Writing Skills upon Basic...

Picture this: an aspiring pianist has just mastered their basic set of scales; they can play them moderately well and have a strong feeling of accomplishment at having mastered this difficult task. This young pianist is then asked to play Ludwig van Beethoven’s Moonlight Sonata. Overwhelmed, they attempt to sight read this exquisite piece of music and to their ultimate frustration they cannot play it. It is at that moment when the pianist realizes that though they have put forth all possible effort, their resources and previous knowledge prevent them from playing this piece to its full potential. After practice, trial and error, and dedication, they will be able to successfully play better in time. This same approach can be used with†¦show more content†¦I was conscious of my vocabulary from having read numerous books daily as a child, but was negligent in the field of theme statements, theses, and all other writing techniques. Now, I feel confident that I possess the necessary qualities to write a formal essay. I have always felt distain hearing improper grammar; therefore, I never use it myself. Before, I felt self-conscious using line after line of description while setting a scene in a creative story, having now read Nathanial Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter, this fear of overdoing description has long passed. Although strengths determine the success of an author, their weaknesses are just as prominent in their work. The converse of strength is weakness, which is defined in the Dictionary as â€Å"an inadequate quality.† Though it is no excuse, my generation has grown on the idea that spell check solves all problems. That theory is untrue. Due to the excessive use of spell check as a child, I am underdeveloped in my ability to properly spell words or phrases. When given a list of choices, I am able to pick out the correctly spelled word but when given a blank page and a pencil I cannot remember how to spell it. It is because of this reason that the weakness that I struggle most with is my spelling. Spell check has become an invaluable tool of success for me and without it I would frustrate my teachers and peers. Other than spelling, my other weakness is procrastination. I will procrastinate while workingShow MoreRelatedThe Literate Arts Are Not Needed: They Are Wanted Essay1924 Words   |  8 Pageseasier and more effective. We learn to talk at an early age well before we learn to read and write, but the communication skills of children are less refined. Toddlers will make sentences using the important words while skipping other. They are able to get their point across with sentences like â€Å"me hungry.† They use body language, but with their limited communication skills they are not always able to express their feelings and emotions. 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ENGLISH DEPARTMENT FACULTY OF LANGUAGE AND ARTS SURABAYA STATES UNIVERSITY 2010 TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER I I INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the Study 1.2 Reasons for Choosing the Topic 1.3 Statements of the Problem The Objectives of the Study The Significant ofRead MoreReading Is Not A Natural Activity Essay2161 Words   |  9 Pagesset of gradually acquired component skills initially learned independently, but later integrated and automated† (Turner, 1995, p. 80). According to this quote the ability to read is not something that children are born with, but a skill that needs to be taught and worked on until it happens without thought. As human beings we are exposed to reading everywhere in our day-to-day life, even if we do not notice it. Therefore, being able to read is a crucial skill to acquire. Learning the code, makingRead MoreCurriculum Development- Let Review9921 Words   |  40 Pageswhich emphasizes rules of grammar, reading, rhetoric and logic and mathematics needed for basic education which gives importance to the 3Rs while college education is for liberal education * Arthur Bestor, an essentialist, believes that the school should be the training ground for the intellect, hence, curriculum should give emphasis on the fundamental disciplines – grammar, literature, writing, mathematics, science, history and even foreign language. * Joseph Schwab believesRead MoreThe Importance of Considering Philosophical and Psychological Foundations in Developing a Curriculum.9983 Words   |  40 PagesIn the name of Allah, the most Gracious, the dispenser of Grace. CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT ( HMEF5073 ) Part A THE IMPORTANCE OF CONSIDERING PHILOSOPHICAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS IN DEVELOPING A CURRICULUM. 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Obsolescence Is Perpetuated By Design - 1659 Words

In the past, products were made to last. Some people still have old watches and record players that have been passed down through generations, which remain in working condition. In reality, most items, which were made prior to World War I, have been found to be long lasting, durable, and reliable. In contemporary society we are faced with a dilemma, due to the fact that if all products were built to last as they were previously, various industries would shut down, and consequently, millions of workers would become unemployed. Furthermore, the overall goal and strategy of obsolescence is to motivate the population to buy more, and additionally, be occupied within a perpetual cycle of consumerism – by purchasing and replacing products in order to keep respective industries open, and to keep products flying off the shelves. The following essay will exploit exactly how obsolescence is perpetuated by design, from the past through to the present. 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Discrimination In The Work Environment Free Essays

string(65) " since they belong to the minority group in American population\." Discrimination in places of work is unfair treatment of workers by their employers or by their fellow workers. In workplace discrimination, the employers pay no attention to complainants who are discriminated and in many instances they ignore the kind of harassment these particular people experience. This has a tremendous negative impact on job performance since the discriminated individual are discouraged to perform effectively and this in turn affects the output in that particular company or organization. We will write a custom essay sample on Discrimination In The Work Environment or any similar topic only for you Order Now In the US, the state laws prohibit unfair treatment of people in their respective places of work. Discrimination in the workplace is mainly based on age, sex, race, religion, disability, nationality, intelligence and pregnancy. All the forms of discrimination are prohibited by the law in the United States and the employer is in no way entitled to harass one since he or she is not a U. S. citizen. In America discrimination is prevalent today just as it was in early 19th century. Some observers have claimed that there has been tremendous improvement following the passing of the Civil Rights Act in 1964 by the government. The act provided for the prosecution of those accused of discriminating workers on basis of their religion, race, skin color, age or nationality. The 1964 Civil Right Act provided for equal treatment of employees in the workplace. However, discrimination in the workplace continues to increasingly becoming common in the modern America (Hughes Dodge, 1997). There are two major categories of discrimination: disparate treatment and disparate impact. Disparate treatment is an incidence where by one is treated differently from other employees by the employer on the basis of gender, age, sex, race, nationality or disability. The state laws prohibit unfair treatment of workers such as one being allocated difficult assignments or more work load than other fellow workers under taking the same work. Demotions, less payments and being laid off unjustly are other forms of disparate treatments common in the work environment. Disparate impact is a liability theory which prohibits employers from practicing unlawful discrimination during employment. Although it may appear neutral, disparate impact negatively impacts against particular ethnic, racial or sex group. It can also have a negative impact on individuals of a given religious group or the disabled. In this case an employer, for instance comes up with tests or selection criteria that are facially neutral and not related to the job requirements so as to do away with people of particular race, nationality, and religion. The test may also include the lifting of requirement which is not correlated to the actual job so as to do away with nearly all the aged workers or women (Hughes Dodge, 1997). Sexual harassment is a very common form of discrimination experienced globally where one is coerced to provide sexual favors by the fellow workers, bosses or the supervisors. Sexual harassment from the fellow workers makes it difficult for one to work conveniently and peacefully. Sexual harassment from the boss or the supervisors comes about where one is coerced to admit a sexual affair so as to acquire a particular job, be promoted or be retained in the company or organization. Consequently those who fail to give in to the sexual requests are eventually fired, denied the job vacancy or demoted. This form of discrimination affects a wide range of groups particularly those belonging to different nationalities, race and skin color. In the U. S, sexual harassment in work places is illegal although this practice continues to affect workers leading to reduced output. It is recommended that those experiencing such discrimination should report immediately to the respective personalities. Those harassed by the fellow workers and supervisors should report the matter to the employer as soon as possible since the employer may claim later that he or she was never informed of that kind of behavior when it was taking place. One should make a written complaint and remain with a copy as well. Those harassed by employers should take a legal action by filing a case and seek help from required administrative agencies or from lawyers (Hughes Dodge, 1997). Gender based discrimination is a form of harassment based on sex and it takes place in various places of work in the world. Although human rights dictate that individuals should not be discriminated on the basis of sex, women have always faced major discrimination in the work places and during recruitment. For instance, in different Wal-Marts in the United States, women are given heavy tasks to perform yet limited to further training privileges and the salary paid to them is not worthy the work they do. When the employers are asked about their actions, they readily defend themselves by accusing women of being psychologically emotional and cannot make critical decisions practically. Women are usually not given equal training as men so as to acquire relevant skills which can help them properly fit in the challenging world. The argument supplied in support of this treatment is that women can quit the job at any time since they are not the breadwinners in the house have little to care about. Moreover, other reasons have been suggested that women have other duties to meet in the house or may claim to have small babies to take care of and therefore training women in the same level with men could imply wastage of funds, energy and time. However, it is time for women to be treated equally as men since they have proved to attain similar qualifications as men and perform roles which were traditionally meant for men. Additionally, women are the cornerstone of every development and the thriving of an economy is determined by both men and women (Hughes Dodge, 1997). Another form of discrimination in the work environment is racial discrimination which has become a widespread problem in America and other Western states. For instance, in various places of work, the African-Americans are treated differently since they belong to the minority group in American population. You read "Discrimination In The Work Environment" in category "Papers" Research reveals that a small number of African-Americans are employed in companies owned by Native Americans. The problem of racial discrimination also affects the Hispanic – Americans which further shows how racial discrimination has taken root in the work environment. Some of the employers have openly admitted that they don’t work either with Hispanic- Americans or African- Americans. Although equality is supported by civil rights laws and also protected by the constitution many have not changed their hearts on the practice of racism. Race victims facing harassment from co- workers normally work in a hostile and non- conducive environment which is not favorable for better production. Employees are also a bother to them especially when they are finding ways to get rid of them. Racial bias in work places determines job quality and should be discouraged in every organization (Hughes Dodge, 1997). Age discrimination is another form of discrimination that mostly affects the old people in various workplaces. However, young people are also discriminated of their age and considered not competent even when they have the required qualifications while seeking jobs. The old people are regarded as mentally worn out and cannot continue to serve and execute their normal roles in companies and organizations. Employment Act of 1967 in United States protects persons who are 40 years as well as all the aged people. The act ensures those who are applying for the job are protected from discrimination because of their age with respect to terms and conditions of the job. The act ensures that these old people are recruited without any form of discrimination and protects them from being laid off from their places of work with no cause. The act also addresses the challenges encountered by these old people when they are searching new jobs after being fired from other jobs. The justification behind this form of discrimination claimed by employers is that aged people are not energetic dynamic and effective as the youth and this implies they perform poorly in the production process. This should not be the case since the old are endowed with work knowledge and experience. There is also youth discrimination also referred to as adultism. This form of discrimination is clearly evident where teenagers between 15-25 years are limited to acquiring jobs. But this kind of discrimination is craved as a paternalistic agenda of protecting the youth since they are supposed to be treated with care and respect by the older workers. Teenagers are also perceived to be rebellious, violent and drug addicts because they are in their adolescent stage hence not convenient to work with them. Moreover, they are also fond of listening to music and this could lead to wastage of time instead of one concentrating with the allocated task (Hughes Dodge, 1997). Intelligence based discrimination is also another serious form of discrimination in America where people with low intelligence are highly underprivileged. This form of discrimination has not acquired prevalent attention and an enormous number of individuals have been limited to or denied access to certain opportunities and successes as a result their perceived level of intelligence. This kind of discrimination in some work places is exercised against those who have low IQ, those who work slowly, not fluent or smooth talkers. Favors are poured on the so called ‘smart people’ since they can finish the allocated task faster or tends to think faster . They are promoted and perceived as the intelligent. Others achieve bigger jobs since they can express themselves appropriately or are fluent talkers than others. The disadvantaged are the fools who to have work harder than smart people do work so as to reach the same goal and thus putting extra efforts is the only solution to raise them to the top despite terms and conditions in place. Intelligence is a trait inherited from birth just like skin color. Being not fluent in speaking, or a slow thinker should not be taken advantage of since such people are also human beings and should be treated fairly and should have equal opportunities with smart people. There could be aspects in them which can be utilized and lead to improved productivity in the workplace. Accurate measurements on one’s capabilities to perform a particular task should be the ones to be considered. Besides, many have no idea those perceived to be fools can do excellent work than the ones perceived to be the ‘smart people’. Fools also portray absolute perfect leadership roles. Their leadership has great gains to an organization because they adhere to observance of the rules and cannot devise plans of coming out with evil strategies against the company. Moreover, human beings are not created with equal abilities and every one has unique talents which when appreciated can improve the performance of the organization effectively. Religious discrimination is another raging problem in several U. S work places (Hughes Dodge, 1997). . Religious believers view their faith as their main source of good will and peace but in many situations it is the main source of enmity, hatred, violence and division. Civil rights act 1964 and United States constitution inhibits work places from discriminating individuals on basis of their religion in terms and conditions of employment. The act also protects employees belonging to different religions from harassments such as being fired, demoted or limited to salary increments or promotion since they belong to a religion which the employer hates. It is also illegal to hinder one from exercising his or her religious practices in the place of work. . The practices include religious holidays such as Christmas day, Sabbath day observance, wearing of special gowns like those worn by Muslims . The employer is also supposed to consider those who request for prayer breaks during work sessions. The law also covers one’s ethnic beliefs. Nowadays Christians and individuals from other religions are suppressed by secular forces in their places of work. In America Federal laws are enacted to make sure religious discrimination is not exercised. This constituent of Christian liberty is a right to all people of every faith to get involved in every privileges of the society without encountering harassment on basis of ones religion. Civil Rights Division prosecutes criminal’s accused with the cases of arson and vandalism against worshiping houses. But there are occasions where by these laws are violated, for instance, a seventh day individual being commissioned to work on a Saturday,muslim forced to wear official clothes instead of their usual gowns, others fired by employers reason since he or she doesn’t like an employees religious beliefs. While others are constantly harassed by fellow workers since they hate their religion. In other instances one is forced to be converted to another religion so as to receive fair treatment by the boss or supervisor. Those who resolve to stand strong for their faith and opt to quit the job (Hughes Dodge, 1997). Pregnancy based discrimination is another key evident form of discrimination where by expectant mothers are not recruited or fired as a result of the visible pregnancy or probability coming to be pregnant. Others are denied pregnant benefits because they are not married. Others fail to be promoted because of their pregnancy. Employers don’t bear with pregnant mothers who come with claims of discomforts expectant women experience especially in early pregnancies such as morning sicknesses. Employer foresees this as an excuse to evade work load which could other wise result into low reproductive yield in the organization. Expectant mothers in America are covered by Federal and state laws which are under civil rights act 1964 the law ensures pregnant mothers are to deliver their kids without loosing their work also to leave their jobs at appropriate duration before onset of delivery period, and prohibits employer denying to grant leave pregnant mothers who are under doctor’s instructions to go for medical examination by the appropriate doctor. Employers justify their discrimination by claiming that pregnant need attention every moment and sick off leaves they request are just means of running away from performing the allocated tasks . Eventually employers count this as a loss to a company as a result of low productivity. Employers also view pregnant women as weak personnel who are not effective and efficient since they can’t work at a certain rate. .Under federal law employers who have recruited more than fifteen employers are not entitled to; deny a pregnant woman job vacancy , lay off or force an employee to quite job since she is pregnant, deduct ones accrued retirement benefits for previous years for the reason of maternity leave and retrench an employee who has done an abortion. Therefore pregnant women are in a position to work conveniently so long as the have the ability to work without any problem The supervisor or the employer is also entitled to offer maternity leave at the appropriate time and also treat pregnant women as potential workers . When a pregnant woman is not in a position to perform heavy tasks the employer is accorded to offer less difficult task (Hughes Dodge, 1997). Disability discrimination in work places is also evident where one can be laid off or not hired depending on disability status. American Disability Act is the law explains disability as a condition of any form of impairment which hinders one from performing major activities in life. The law ensures people with such impairments are not discriminated. In different work places in Americans those who are HIV positive and those with cancer history cancers are prone dramatization and discrimination . Therefore the law ensures they protected appropriately. As the saying goes ‘disability is not inability’ thus disabled qualified applicants should not be denied a particular opportunity. The employer should treat this staff member equally as others according to terms and conditions of work . Disabled people are perceived not to perform effectively towards productivity of an organization since some may require frequent medical check ups and this could lead to wastage of time. Others may not be able to walk faster also leading to wastage of time and inefficiency in job performance. Those on wheel chairs could pose to the company extra costs such as transportation cost, repair and maintenance costs on wheel chair tires to be incurred by an organization and also this particular staff member requires special treatment. The disabled also face stiff competition from other healthy workers hence discouraging their efforts. Employers take advantage of discriminating them and showing favourism to the potential employees. Employers should ensure fair treatment of the disabled since no one decides to be in such a condition they should also put in place measures which protect these victims from other co- workers. When this is in place, the disabled are able to work in a permissive environment (Hughes Dodge, 1997). In general, discrimination in the workplace constitutes racial, gender, religion intelligence, pregnancy, and age discrimination. The employers or other fellow employees may take advantage of other peoples’ weakness in exploiting and discrimination others in the workplace. People in the workplace take advantage of the underprivileged to retain them in the job. And also establish sexual affairs with employees working under them since they promise favors such as pay increments and promotion. This should be discouraged since one can contract incurable sexual diseases and also can lead to the spread of the same disease in an organization. Discrimination based on age and race should be discouraged since it curtails one’s effort in the job and in return this negatively affects the productivity. When workers are discriminated, their output is reduced since they are never comfortable in such environments. In other instances for example where religious discrimination is rampant and many are forced to withdraw from the company especially when many forced for conversion to other faiths. This automatically leads to either decline of the company or incur heavy losses which can lead to the closure of the company indeed. State law should ensure laws regarding work places are not violated and those charged with cases of discrimination should be punished or fined accordingly. Therefore discrimination in places of work should be ever legalized. Reference: Hughes,  D  Dodge,  M.A.  (1997).African  American  Women  in  the  Workplace:  Relationships    Between Job Conditions, Racial Bias at Work, and   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Perceived Job Quality.  American   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Journal of Community Psychology. 25(5):   Ã‚  Ã‚   581-599. How to cite Discrimination In The Work Environment, Papers

Regulate The Price Setting Of A Natural Monopoly †Free Samples

Question: Explain How And Why Governments May Want To Regulate The Price Setting Of A Natural Monopoly. Answer: Introduction This study deals with explaining how and when government may want to regulate the price setting of a natural monopoly (Ward Begg, 2016). The current segment explains the reasons to why Government regulates monopolies. Some of the reasons are prevention of excess prices, value of service, Monopsony power, encourage competition and normal monopolies. To that, the next segment explains how the government regulates monopolies. Price capping by controller, guideline of value of service, merger policy, breaking up a monopoly, rate of return regulation and assessment of abuse of monopoly power are some of the conduct on how Government control monopolies (Greco, Matarazzo S?owi?ski, 2016). It is noted that Government regulators faces difficulty in dealing with natural monopolies in industries such as electricity business. It is because an electricity company with a monopoly in a specific market will definitely base its price as well as output decisions on the profit maximization regulation . To this, there is requirement for government regulation as the government is intended with getting the right amount of electricity to the right number of group that means allocating efficiently. This means the Government may select to set a price ceiling for electricity at the level where the price equals the marginal cost of the firm (Vogel, 2014). A monopoly can be termed as business or organization that maintains exclusivity if the supply of a specific product or service as evolves naturally or designed specifically that depends upon the nature of a market or industry (Tietenberg Lewis, 2016). In addition, Monopolies are governed under laws both on a national levels in countries and international levels through involvement of institutions like World Trade Organization. The concept of monopoly considered as a danger to free markets where there are particular situations takes place when natural monopolies are either practically helpful or cost efficient or practically inevitable. In most of the extreme situation, it becomes the most feasible alternative for governments to break up monopolies by using lawful procedure in the most appropriate way (Greco, Matarazzo S?owi?ski, 2016). Analysis Reason to why Government regulates monopolies Preventing excess prices- It is important to understand the reason behind why Government regulates natural monopoly is to stop excess prices (Shefrin, 2015). If there is no involvement of Government, then monopolies could set prices above the competitive equilibrium as and when required. This circumstance would lead to allocating incompetence as well as decline in the customer wellbeing as a whole. Quality of service- Regulation by Government are important, otherwise firms has a monopoly over the stipulation of specific service where they may have little inducement to present to get access good quality service. When there is government intervention to natural monopoly, the firm is bound to meet minimum standards of services (Posner, 2014). Monopsony power- It is noted that a firm that has monopoly selling power tends to remain in a location to use Monopsony buying power (McCabe Snyder, 2015). For instance, supermarkets usually use their chief market position to condense the profit margins of farmers. Encourage competition- In some of the industries, it is feasible to support competition and that leads to condition where there will be less need for government instruction (Lim Yurukoglu, 2015). Natural monopolies- It is found that some of the business is natural monopolies because of high economies of scale. In addition, it is not likely to support competition in this type of business and it becomes stipulation to manage the business to evade the abuse of monopoly power (Hawley, 2015). Explain on how the Government regulates monopolies Price capping by regulators RPI-X (Retail-Prices Index)- For most of the lately privatized industries like water, gas and electricity, the government had shaped dictatorial bodies (Greco, Matarazzo S?owi?ski, 2016). OFGEM is for gas and electricity markets, OFWAT for tap water and ORR is for Office of rail regulator. Irrespective of their rationale, the Government is able to limit the increased price. They can do it with a formula (RPI-X), where X is the amount by which they have to cut prices by in real terms. For illustration, if rate of inflation is 3% and X equals 1%, then firm can improve actual prices by (3-1)= 2% (Granger, 2014). In addition, if a regulator feels that a business can make competence savings as well as charging too much from the customers, them they can set high level of X. For illustration, in the early years of telecom set of laws, the level was quite high as competence savings enables big price cuts (Grammenos, 2013). RPI+/-K-for water industry- In case of water, the price cap system is RPI -/+K Here, K is the amount of investment where the water firms need to execute. In addition, if water companies need to spend in better water pipes, then they will be able to boost prices to backing the speculation (Fourcade Khurana, 2013). Benefits of RPI-X Regulation One of the benefits to RPI-X Regulation is that the supervisory body can set the price increase that mainly depends upon the state of the business as well as possible efficiency savings (Cowen Tabarrok, 2015). Other benefits of RPI-X Regulation is that if a firm cut costs by more than X, they can easily increase the profits. In addition, the firm can even argue that there is an incentive to cut costs (Greco, Matarazzo S?owi?ski, 2016). Other benefits of RPI-X Regulation are surrogate competition. Without competition, RPI-X is one of the ways to increase competition as well as preventing the abuse of monopoly power (Comanor et al., 2014). Limitations of RPI-X Regulation One of the limitations of RPI-Regulation is expensive and complicated in deciding the component that what the level of X should be There is a risk of authoritarian capture where the supervisor becomes too soft on the business as well as allows them for increasing prices and making supernormal profits (Bs, 2015). In addition, business may argue with the regulators as they are stringent and do not permit the firms to make enough profits for investment (Ward Begg, 2016) For instance, if firms become very much efficient, the firms may be penalized by having higher levels of X where they cannot keep their efficiency savings (Greco, Matarazzo S?owi?ski, 2016). Regulation of quality of service- It had been found out those regulators examines the value of services as given by the monopoly (Ward Begg, 2016). For instance, the rail manager mainly inspects the safety evidence of rail firms so that they do not cut corners. Another example is gas and electricity markets where the supervisor make sure that old people are treated with care such as not allow a monopoly to cut off gas provisions in winter (Anderson, 2013). Merger policy- It is noted that the Government has the strategy where they examine mergers that could generate monopoly power. For instance, if a new merger generates a business with more than 25% of total market share, then it repeatedly referred to the Competition Commission. After that, it is the responsibility of Competition Commission to choose whether to permit or obstruct the merger (Greco, Matarazzo S?owi?ski, 2016). Breaking up a monopoly- It may happen in most of the cases where the Government can choose upon monopoly needs that are to be wrecked up when it is seen that firm has become too powerful. This type of situation hardly takes place (Ward Begg, 2016). Yardstick or rate of return regulation- Rate of return regulation is an unusual way of changeable monopolies to the RPI-X price capping. To this, this guideline looks at the size of the firm as well as evaluates on the fact on what is needed for getting access to rational level of income from the resources base. For instance, if a business is making too much profit as contrast to their relation size, then the controller may implement price cuts for solving the problem (Ward Begg, 2016). Return on return regulation also has certain limitations as it encourages cost padding (Comanor et al., 2014). For instance, the regulation is implemented when firms permit costs to increase so that profit levels are not extreme. In addition, this type of regulation provides little inducement to be competent as well as increase profits. Therefore, the rate of return directive may fail for evaluating how much profits can be rational. In that case, it the profits are set too high, and then the business can abuse its monopoly power. Assessment of abuse of monopoly power- It is noted that the office of fair training aims at examining the abuse of monopoly power. In addition, there are several unfair trading practices that take place and some of these are as follows: Collusion takes place when firms agree to set higher prices (Comanor et al., 2014) Collusive tendering takes place when business penetrate into conformity for fitting the bid at which they will tender the profits. In addition, the business will take it for receiving the agreement as well as enabling a much high price for the agreement (Greco, Matarazzo S?owi?ski, 2016). Predatory pricing takes place when the firm set low prices so that they force rival firms to go out of business (Ward Begg, 2016) Selective distribution Vertical restraints takes place when the firms prevents retailers stock rival products (Comanor et al., 2014) Conclusion From the above analysis, it is concluded that there is need for government regulation for regulating natural monopolies otherwise firms will set prices with a view to gain maximum profits and will not be considerate towards the quality of products and services assistance. The Government may wish to direct natural monopoly in order to protect the interests of the consumers. For illustration, monopolies have the market authority where they can set prices high than the aggressive markets. Ways adopted by Government to control natural monopolies can be price capping, avoiding the expansion of monopoly power and yardstick competition. References Anderson, P. (2013).Theeconomics of business valuation: towards a value functional approach. Stanford University Press. Bs, D. (2015).Pricing and price regulation: an economic theory for public enterprises and public utilities(Vol. 34). Elsevier. Comanor, G. W., Jacquemin, K., Jenny, A., Kantzenbach, F., Ordover, E., Waverman, L. (2014).Competition policy in Europe and North America: economic issues and institutions. Taylor Francis. Cowen, T., Tabarrok, A. (2015).Modern principles of economics. Palgrave Macmillan. Fourcade, M., Khurana, R. (2013). From social control to financial economics: The linked ecologies ofeconomics and business in twentieth century America.Theory and Society,42(2), 121-159. Grammenos, C. (Ed.). (2013).The handbook of maritime economics and business. Taylor Francis. Granger, C. W. J. (2014).Forecasting in business and economics. Academic Press. Greco, S., Matarazzo, B., S?owi?ski, R. (2016). Decision rule approach. InMultiple criteria decision analysis(pp. 497-552). Springer New York. Hawley, E. W. (2015).The New Deal and the problem of monopoly. Princeton University Press. Lim, C. S., Yurukoglu, A. (2015). Dynamic natural monopoly regulation: Time inconsistency, moral hazard, and political environments.Journal of Political Economy. McCabe, M. J., Snyder, C. M. (2015). Does online availability increase citations? Theory and evidence from a panel of economics and business journals.Review of Economics and Statistics,97(1), 144-165. Posner, R. A. (2014).Economic analysis of law. Wolters Kluwer Law Business. Shefrin, H. (2015). Behavioral Economics and Business. InThe Purpose of Business(pp. 193-227). Palgrave Macmillan US. Tietenberg, T. H., Lewis, L. (2016).Environmental and natural resource economics. Routledge. Vogel, H. L. (2014).Entertainment industry economics: A guide for financial analysis. Cambridge University Press. Ward, D., Begg, D. (2016).Economics for business. McGraw-Hill.

Project Management Power Holding Company of Nigeria (PHCN), Its Accomplishments, Constraints, and Current Reform In Relation To Project Management in the Nigerian Power Sector

Executive Summary This research work is designed to investigate energy industry in Nigeria, particularly the Power Holding Company of Nigeria’s dealings in terms of project management. Essentially, the study will focus on a variety of issues pertaining the company’s accomplishments, constraints, and current reforms in the power industry.Advertising We will write a custom proposal sample on Project Management: Power Holding Company of Nigeria (PHCN), Its Accomplishments, Constraints, and Current Reform In Relation To Project Management in the Nigerian Power Sector specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The study will be titled â€Å"Project Management: Power Holding Company of Nigeria (PHCN), Its Accomplishments, Constraints and Current Reform In Relation To Project Management in The Nigerian Power Sector†. It is of the idea of finding out how project management has been conducted, challenges involved, and eventually successes achieved. The objective of the study will be to highlight the importance of PHCN, its achievements since formation, investigate the growth or decline the power sector, investigate challenges faced, and study the current reforms being undertaken, as well as their benefits. Relevant data for this research topic will be sourced from a number of sources both primary and secondary sources. A descriptive method of study will be employed for this research. Questionnaires will be issued to the staff in the organization, where 210 people will participate. A sample of 140 will be drawn from this population. Chi-square test will be used to test the validity of the hypothesis. Background The inability of most of the countries in Africa to provide access to power to most of its citizens has been considered as the curse on development (Okoro, Chikuni 2007 p. 125). Energy is particularly crucial for any country that wants to achieve sustainable development. Many developed cities across the world have seen those kinds of tremendous growths because of availability and access to energy (Barnett Rolando, 2002, p. 177). The availability to a number of sectors of the country always determines the rate and level of development of that country. Energy is an indispensable element of transforming a subsidence economy to a service-oriented or production economy (Ekpo, Iyoha 2007, p.127). Energy has vast impact on education, manufacturing and production, service health, transport, housing and other demography. The need for safe and reliable source of energy has inspired countries to establish companies that would enable them to produce, and distribute energy. One of such companies is the Power Holding Company of Nigeria (Ekpo, Iyoha 2007, p.127).Advertising Looking for proposal on project management? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Lack of access to these energy sources can cause and increase in poverty. For instanc e, people would spend a lot of time seeking cheap and available sources like firewood and charcoal for cooking and lighting (Barnett Rolando, 2002, p. 177). These cause so much emission hence not friendly for the environment. Furthermore, cheap sources can cause health risks for instance use of paraffin and coal, as they require exceptionally large ventilation to burn. The best energy alternative has been electricity as it is clean and remarkably efficient. Its development in Nigeria goes back to the late 19th century. During that time, in 1898, the first electricity generating company was built in Lagos. According to Okoro and Chikuni (2007), â€Å"Distribution of power was a bit poor until 1950s since, the pattern of electricity lines was a few individual electricity power undertakings scattered across urban centres† (p.125). Few of those undertakings were public works departments, and municipal councils (Ekpo, Iyoha 2007, p.127). The power Holding company of Nigeria (PHC N) reserves the authority to produce and distribute electricity. The company has an installed capacity of 4,200 MW, a target it never reaches. At the best moments, the company produces 3,300 MW. Only 40% of the population has access to electricity, and it gets worse in rural areas where only 10% of people have access to electricity (Hall 2006, p. 7; Ariyo, Jerome 2004, p.5). Research Aims The goal of the research will be to investigate the accomplishments, challenges and the current reforms that PHCN faced during its project management endeavours. This case study helps in understanding how the organization has been performing since its inception in terms of power production and distribution in the country. Specific aims of the research included the following:Advertising We will write a custom proposal sample on Project Management: Power Holding Company of Nigeria (PHCN), Its Accomplishments, Constraints, and Current Reform In Relation To Project Management in the Nigerian Powe r Sector specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More To investigate the importance, achievements or the benefits of PHCN formation To examine the growth and decline of the power production and distribution To investigate the current reforms in the power sector and recommend appropriate strategies that could better in the current power production and distribution Objectives The objective of the study was to analyze the project management of the PHCN in Nigeria. The other objectives of the research will be; To study the various regimes the power sector has gone through and the accomplishments achieved by each of these regimes To determining the impact of the formation and functioning of PHCN on the power sector in Nigeria To investigate the strengths and challenges of PHCN in all sectors of PHCN Questions Significance This research will be immensely beneficial to every sector in Nigeria’s economy particularly the PHCN and its management need to establish a policy, which will ensure efficient and effective power production and distribution (Ibitoye, Adenikinju 2007, p. 501). The study will help to highlight the challenges that plague PHCN. The state owned organization (PHCN) will be able to use this research to assess its efficiency and means of working so that it can make amendments in its project management strategies where necessary. This viewpoint will help managers to develop ideas and solution to the said challenges hence coming up with the best ways to manage its projects. The study hopes to arouse more study into the functional departments of the company by scholars hence broadening research resources. Therefore, the research will be of immense benefit to managers and researches as a point of reference for study and decision-making. Literature Review To be able to understand the position of Nigeria’s power sector in a practical context, it is pertinent to have a brief review of the PHCN developments to offer more insight in the industry since its inception (Ibitoye, Adenikinju 2007, p. 501). Brief History of PHCN Decree number 24 of April 1972 formed the National Electric Power Authority (NEPA) formed following the merging of the Niger Dam Authority and the Electricity Corporation of Nigeria (ECN) (Hall 2006, p. 7). The 2005 unbinding of NEPA led to the formation of Power Holding Company of Nigeria. NEPA had been established to maintain efficient and coordinated power supply to every part of the country. Regardless of the problems that NEPA faced after its formation, the organization was able to make significant developments in the country’s socio-economic development. This saw Nigeria advance unusually fast into the industrial society.Advertising Looking for proposal on project management? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Importance of PHCN The power production and distribution industry in Nigeria is under the management of the Power Holding Company of Nigeria. The power sector has seen a number of transformation thought that has not been enough to increase its supply of power to the people and still the supply fall below 40% (Okoro, Chikuni 2007 p. 125). However, some few merits of PHCN have been identified as follows: The power holding company of Nigeria has significantly improved the electricity billing system and clients can now settle their bill conveniently and via a much easier process (PHCN 2004, p.1). As a result, bank revenue-collection system was introduced to complement the collection of cash from the PHCN counters. This program has enabled facilitation of prompt and regular settlement of the monthly power bills. This has been made possible by the fact that customers are no longer required to travel out of their residential areas to towns to pay electricity bills (PHCN 2004, p.1). Custom er service has improved due to institutionalization of the business. There is full and accurate settling of bills and the staff is more motivated to do their job (PHCN 2004, p.1). Company Background in Various Regimes and Achievements Supply of electricity commenced after formation of two small generating set to light up Lagos. By 1951, ECN was established by act of parliament to oversee the distribution. The Niger Dams Authority (NDA) was established after construction of a hydropower station of R. Niger in 1968, to distribute power (ESI 2004, p.18). The two bodies merged in 1972 to become NEPA. NEPA was unbundled to institute power reforms to be renamed Power Holding Company of Nigeria in 2005 (Ekpo 2008, p.78). NEPA was state owned organization vertically integrated power management firm. The organization has the authority to produce, transmit, and distribute electricity. As a public utility company, NEPA has been able to tap the country’s large water potentials to increas es power production (Anoruo 2004, p.2). The NDA was able to construct vital dams in Nigeria including Kainji, Afam, Delta, Jebba, Egbin Shiroro and Sapele power stations (ESI 2004, p.18). The Sapele and Afam thermal stations also add to the energy source in Nigeria. NEPA was able to fulfil its role of developing and maintaining an efficient and coordinated distribution of power through the federation (Anoruo 2004, p.2). NEPA enjoyed the quasi-commercialization status and building six main power stations increasing generation of power to 3,450 MW (Adoghe 2008, p.78). However, even with these achievements, the population and power needs grew exceptionally fast in Nigeria that the company could not meet the target. It hence needed more power stations to boost production (Anoruo 2004, p.2). Because of the unbundling process, NEPA became PHCN following the Power reform bill signed into law by President Olesugun Obasanjo (Jenide 2005, p.6). The policy decree provided the legal and regulat ory guideline for the new strategies of commercial power generation and distribution. Private companies were also allowed to be involved in the production, transmission, and distribution of power. PHCN made some advances even amidst myriads of problems (Ariyo, Jerome 2004, p.6). The organization saw more additional thermal stations constructed. As already highlighted in previous paragraphs, thus body saw the development of better billing system increasing collection and making billing more efficient. The PHCN is now separated into six power generation companies and eleven power distribution companies. All these firms will be privatized (Ikeme, Ebohon 2005, p.1214). Logistics and union problems are some of the huddles delaying the process. Reforms and Constraints The inability of the PHCN to achieve the target power target has inspired reforms. The law initiating these reforms was signed in 2005 – the Nigerian Electric Power Sector reform act. The decree stipulates that ther e be a Nigerian Electricity Regulatory Commissions (NERC) (Jenide 2005, p.7). The commission will function to regulate the energy system ensuring that there is efficient, fair, and organized competitive power market while at the same time shielding the public interest (Ikeme, Ebohon 2005, p.1214). NERC has been privatization of the utility company. This has been slow to take off since the public feels that; unguided privatization will cause skyrocketing prices making poor people more vulnerable (Chikwendu 2006, p.45). Something the organization should be seeking to increase. The famous power sector reform has been seen as an effort to propel the economy in some direction. The problem is, however, whether timing is correct (Jenide 2005, p.7). Some critics doubt whether the process was given adequate thought and scrutiny. The reforms are intended to improve the power sector to a level of attracting private sector participation, enlarge production capacity, improve service delivery ma king them more efficient, and encourage capital investors. However, even within the construction of new power stations, the reforms have not seen the expected results yet (Ezigbo 2004, p.104). Hypothesis Based on the research objective developed for this study, the following hypotheses will be used; Ho – the various regimes PHCN has gone through have not attained significant benefits Ha1 – the PHCN has had a positive impact on Nigeria’s power sector Ha 2 – the PHCN has had benefits to Power sector despite challenges Proposed Data Analysis Plan: Theoretical Framework For quite a long time, Nigeria has not seen the development and advances it expected to see in its energy sector even with several reforms it established. Theoretical frameworks will be used to investigate a number of topics that may have caused or resulted into the benefits seen with each regime of power management. The method is beneficial in that it will help in critical evaluation of the t heoretical assumption; it will connect the investigator with existing knowledge then guide him/her to a new discovery based on the hypothesis. The main questions of why and how are answered allowing the researcher a straightforward description of a phenomenon observed like poor power generation amidst reforms. Methodology Research design: The study shall employ a descriptive survey method for investigation. It is deemed paramount to determine the process and method of study, since it will offer better background information to the readers enabling them to do better evaluation and understand how conclusions were deduced. Both primary and secondary sources of data will be used for the study. Primary data will be collected via interviews of the PHCN employees while secondary data will include literature on PHCN from the library and the internet. Population of study will be employees of the company and some consumers of electricity. Data collection method will be a questionnaire. Antici pated Problems and Timetable (Gantt chart) The researcher anticipates few problems with regard to conducting the study. He anticipated lack of access to some important information from company employees as government utilities are cautious with giving out information. Financial and time constraints are likely to limit the study. Research Timeline Task Time Defining The Topic and Consulting Supervisors Mar 4 – Mar 6 2012 Developing Research Questions collection of literature Mar 5 – Mar 15, 2012 Preparation of the Research Proposal Mar 18 – Mar 25, 2012 Presentation of The Research Proposal Mar 26, 2012 Literature review or Secondary Research Mar 28 – Apr 4, 2012 Finalization Of Research Methods And Plan Apr 4 – Apr 8, 2012 Presentation of the Proposal to University Research Department for correction and approval Apr 10, 2012 Submission of Proposal To Ethical issues regulatory agency Apr 11, 2012 Organizing Travelling, Obtaini ng Contacts, and Making the Budget For Research Apr 12 – Apr 13, 2012 Receiving Authorization From Ethical issues agency Apr 15, 2012 Carrying Out Pilot Research and Writing Up the results Apr 16 – Apr 13, 2012 Revising Research Methodology In Light Of Pilot study Jun 14, 2012 Carrying Out of the Research Jun 15 – Jun 29, 2012 Analyzing the Findings And Mapping Out the Presentation And Thesis Jun 30 – Jul 6, 2012 Writing the First Draft and consulting with supervisor Jun 7 – Jun 10, 2012 Writing the Final Draft Jun 11 – Jun 13, 2012 Consulting with Examiners and time for the Supervisor And Research Office to Make Consultation with Examiners Jun 14 – Jun 18, 2012 Preparing the Final Thesis For Submission and time for the Supervisor to evaluate Readiness For Submission Jun 19 – Jun 21, 2012 Submission of the Thesis Jun 24, 2012 Conclusion Conclusion For a number of years, regardless of the consisted investm ent by the government into the power sector, the country has experienced power outages and the public is not convinced that this is normal there are complaints that the tariffs reduced compared to cost of power production. To end all these problems, the state instituted power reforms and the main one has been the privatization of the state owned PHCN. This measure is intended to curb production, stop financial losses, and make efficient power distribution. Reference List Adoghe, A. U., 2008. Power Sector Reforms in Nigeria – Likely Effects on Power Reliability and Stability in Nigeria. [Online] Web. Anoruo, C., 2004. Unbundling and Its Dynamics. NEPA News, March-May. Ariyo, A., Jerome, A., 2004. Utility Privatization and the Poor: Nigeria in Focus. In HBS Global Issues Papers NO.12. [Online] Available at Barnett, S., Rolando, O., 2002. Operational Aspects of Fiscal Policy in Oil-Producing Countries. Working Paper No. WP/02/177. Washington DC: International Monetary Fund. C hikwendu, C., 2006. Engendering Nigerian Energy Policy. Paper Prepared For The UN Commission On Sustainable Development. ENERGIA – International Network on Gender and Sustainable Energy. Leusden. Ekpo, I. E., Iyoha, M.O., 2007. Nigeria’s Power Sector: Progress, Problems and Prospects. The International Journal on Hydropower and Dams, 14(6), pp. 127. Ekpo, I., 2008. Challenges of Hydropower Development in Nigeria. Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Water Resources paper No. 262, pp.76-80. ESI, 2004. Attracting Investment and Sustaining Development. Privatizing the Nigerian Electricity Sector. [Online] Web. Ezigbo, O., 2004. Nigeria: Expanding NEPA’s Generation Capacity: Dream or Reality? This Day Newspaper, pp. 104. Hall, D., 2006. Water and Electricity in Nigeria. [Online] Available at: http://www.psiru.org/index.html. Ibitoye, F. I., Adenikinju, A., 2007. Future Demand for Electricity in Nigeria, Applied Energy Journal, 84(5), pp. 492-504. Ikeme, J., Eboho n, O. J., 2005. Nigeria’s Electric Power Sector Reform: What Should Form the Key Objectives? Energy Policy, 33(9), pp. 1213-1221. Jenide, A., 2005. Understanding the Electric Power sector Reform Act. The Guardian, 6, pp. 6-9. Okoro, O. L., Chikuni, E., 2007. Power Sector Reforms in Nigeria: Opportunities and Challenges. Journal of Energy in Southern Africa, 18(3), pp. 123-132. PHCN, 2004. Customer Service Charter: PHCN Nigeria. [Online] Web. This proposal on Project Management: Power Holding Company of Nigeria (PHCN), Its Accomplishments, Constraints, and Current Reform In Relation To Project Management in the Nigerian Power Sector was written and submitted by user Kimber A. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on The Effects of Attachment Styles on Relationship Functioning

THE EFFECTS OF ATTACHMENT STYLES ON RELATIONSHIP FUNCTIONING Jeffry A. Simpson, in the article â€Å"Influence of attachment styles on romantic relationships† (1990) said, â€Å"Study of individual differences in attachment styles is likely to contribute significantly to our understanding of why close relationships vary in both their quality and interpersonal nature.† Recent research in the past few decades has proposed that the attachment style a person has which is developed by the childhood relationships with parents and important attachment figures is an important determinant in the experience of romantic love in later years. There has been increasing scientific support that attachment plays an important role in adult attachment and romantic relationships. In this respect, this paper will focus on the effects of attachment styles of adults in relationship functioning and satisfaction. In this respect the research question I will be focusing on will be â€Å"How do the attachment styles in adults affect relationship functioni ng and satisfaction?† I first see the need to form a conceptual background on the issue of attachment. The emotional bond between infants and their mothers can be seen in both humans as well as in many other animals. When an infant needs his mother and she is unavailable, such as in the case of separation, the infant is extremely distracted, he protests and searches for the mother. If such searching fails, the infant becomes depressed, and can even enter a state of disregard for and avoidance of the mother if she returns. Attachment is first introduced by Bowlby (1969, 1973, 1979, 1980) to explain how infants become emotionally attached to their primary caregivers and how stressful they become when separated. After Bowlby's theory, researchers began to investigate individual differences in attachment styles. Ainsworth and her colleagues (e.g., 1978, 1982) have identified three major attachment patterns based on ... Free Essays on The Effects of Attachment Styles on Relationship Functioning Free Essays on The Effects of Attachment Styles on Relationship Functioning THE EFFECTS OF ATTACHMENT STYLES ON RELATIONSHIP FUNCTIONING Jeffry A. Simpson, in the article â€Å"Influence of attachment styles on romantic relationships† (1990) said, â€Å"Study of individual differences in attachment styles is likely to contribute significantly to our understanding of why close relationships vary in both their quality and interpersonal nature.† Recent research in the past few decades has proposed that the attachment style a person has which is developed by the childhood relationships with parents and important attachment figures is an important determinant in the experience of romantic love in later years. There has been increasing scientific support that attachment plays an important role in adult attachment and romantic relationships. In this respect, this paper will focus on the effects of attachment styles of adults in relationship functioning and satisfaction. In this respect the research question I will be focusing on will be â€Å"How do the attachment styles in adults affect relationship functioni ng and satisfaction?† I first see the need to form a conceptual background on the issue of attachment. The emotional bond between infants and their mothers can be seen in both humans as well as in many other animals. When an infant needs his mother and she is unavailable, such as in the case of separation, the infant is extremely distracted, he protests and searches for the mother. If such searching fails, the infant becomes depressed, and can even enter a state of disregard for and avoidance of the mother if she returns. Attachment is first introduced by Bowlby (1969, 1973, 1979, 1980) to explain how infants become emotionally attached to their primary caregivers and how stressful they become when separated. After Bowlby's theory, researchers began to investigate individual differences in attachment styles. Ainsworth and her colleagues (e.g., 1978, 1982) have identified three major attachment patterns based on ...

Understand Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder Research Paper

Understand Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder - Research Paper Example At school, teachers may find it hard to control ADHD students, since they may not be in a position to adhere to the rules of the institution. In addition, ADHD children are bound to fail academically despite the teachers’ effort to assist them; this is influenced by low self-esteem and rejection from their peers (Harpins, 2005). Therefore, teachers should be trained by professional psychologists on how to deal with psychiatric disorders in children. In addition, parents with ADHD children should inform the teachers about a child’s condition beforehand. This will enable a teacher to offer additional assistance to the child, for instance, in reading, mathematics, spelling, and speech therapy among others (Bupa health information, 2011). Families ADHD in children affects their families as well, especially parents; this is due to the uniqueness of the child’s behavior, which differs from that of normal children. As a result, parents may be in a dilemma on how to deal with the situation. Needless to say, ADHD is usually an added cost to the family due to healthcare expenses. In addition, parents of ADHD children may get frustrated when other family members refuse to care for the child. Moreover, their ADHD child may be stigmatized, which is evident when peers do not invite them for parties or play (Harpins, 2005). ADHD children have poor sleep behavior, and as a result, parents’ rest is affected, leaving little time for themselves. Family relationships are affected by this financially and socially strenuous task (Harpins, 2005). In addition, siblings of children with ADHD suffer from emotional disorders due to unwilling care taking and victimization... Understand Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder Attention Deficient Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD) is a common disorder related to the mental health, which is prevalent among children. Such children often struggle to fit in the social life, and as a result, they suffer from low self-esteem, perform poorly at school, and have difficulties maintaining relationships. Apparently, ADHD cases are being regulated, since awareness has been created over the years; as a result, the condition is becoming acceptable in the society. This research paper will focus on understanding children with ADHD and the impact ADHD has on a child’s social, family, and school life. In addition, the special attention related to ADHD process will be analyzed. ADHD impact on the Family Life, School Life, and the Child's Social Life Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder can affect all dimensions of a child’s life, as well as his parents, siblings, and friends. According to Harpin, this disorder becomes more prominent at different staged in their li ves; in some cases, ADHD can persist even in adulthood, and as a result, disrupting their personal and professional lives. According to Carey, the environment surroundings such as school, family, and society influence the ADHD symptoms in a child. ADHD children’s social life is affected as well. In school, other children may not want to be associated with the children suffering from ADHD, leaving them out from games and other social activities.

How Gas Laws Apply In the Health Care Industry Research Paper

How Gas Laws Apply In the Health Care Industry - Research Paper Example Most of the arms and ammunition works utilizing the principles of the gas laws. A bullet utilized the gas pressure to be shot from the bullet. This high pressure is attained by igniting the gunpowder present in the bullet. Rockets also have the same principle but a rocket requires a lot more fuel to attain such a pressure due to its weight as compared to a bullet. In this way, the significance of the gas laws is in every aspect of life. Gas laws are applicable to most of the industries to provide goods and services to the customers. Gas Gas is a state of matter in which the molecules of the matter remains apart from each other, in this way, the volume of the gas remains higher as compared to its weight. Gas may be colorless and odorless but gases have odor and slightly light color like chlorine has a stingy smell while oxygen is colorless and odorless (West 2008). Difference between Gas and Other Type of Matter The other two states of matter are solid and liquid. The molecules of the solids are such liked to each other that the molecules can only vibrate maintaining their position because of external force. In liquids, the molecules are liked to each other but in relatively loose bond than that of the solids. In this way, the molecules can more from one place to remains contacted with the other molecules. In gases, the moles are free to move, there exists no bondage between the molecules of the gas. ... Pressure Pressure is a term, which is utilized when the freely moving particles of the gas collide with the walls of the container and collide with each other to make a force exerting against the wall of the container. The more the dimensions of the container, the lesser will be the pressure and the container with less dimensions has the more pressure for the same amount of gas. In the similar way, if the amount of gas is increases the pressure will be increased in the container with similar dimensions. The units of the pressure are Atmospheres (atm), Pounds per square inch (PSI), Inches of mercury (in.Hg) and millimeters of mercury (mm.Hg). While the SI unit of pressure is Pascal (Pa) or Newton per square meter (N/m2) while non SI units are Bar and dyne per square centimeter (barye). Standard pressure is considered as one atm (Halzner 2011). Temperature Temperature intensely affects a gas. Temperature is an external effect that affects the molecular motion of the gas particles. As t he temperature increases the random molecular motion of the particles, increases as the gas molecules take the heat energy and convert it to kinetic energy. In this way, the volume of the gas increases and thus the pressure increases. Similarly, if a container filled with an amount of gas is exposed to extreme lower temperature, the gas in the container contracts and creates a vacuum in the container, the container may sucker external gas to fill the vacuum. The standard value of temperature is 273K or 0oC. The units of temperature are Kelvin (K), Celsius (C) (Halliday, Resnick and Walker 2005). Chemical amount The chemical amount of gas is represented as the no of grams or no of moles. The amount in grams is calculated using the

Comparison between Country Lovers and The Proposal Essay

Comparison between Country Lovers and The Proposal - Essay Example Then we will analyze the similarities and differences between a short story and play. Whether a literary piece is a short story or play, as long as they are categorized in the same theme there will always be similarities, with that being said regardless of similarities when comparing two literary works differences can always be found as well. The short story, Country Lovers by Nadine Gordimer, is story about two children from different ethnicities who formed a relationship that later turned sexual. This story takes place on a South African farm, where ethnicity had a major influence on how people were classified. Being a person with white skin, one automatically had superiority over a person with black skin. The boy, Paulus Eysendyck, was fond of Thebedi, the daughter of the help. For years, Paulus went back and forth to school and every time he was home, he engaged in secret activities with Thebedi. As they grew older, their relationship turned sexual and eventually a child was crea ted. Paulus was unaware of the child until after birth. Thebedi had married Njabulo, even though Njabulo knew that the child was not his. When Paulus returned for the holidays from veterinary school, he was surprised to hear Thebedi had a child and rushed to her home to see the child. The next day he returned and poisoned the child. Paulus was charged with murder and a trial began. Thebedi appeared at the court date with a new child in hand by her husband Njabulo, only to find out that he was a free man. The evidence was circumstantial to the courts and another white man gets away with murder. The objective of this story was to express the issues racial relationships faced in the South Africa from 1949-1994 (Driver, 1994). The Proposal by Anton Chekhov is a play that displayed how one word or sentence can send an ordinary conversation down a path of no return. The play is a one act comic farce set during Chekhov’s Russia, a time when marriage was seen as a way of gaining econ omic wealth for a majority of the people. In this play, the marriage concept is satirized to show the real purpose of marriage, which is for materialistic gain as opposed to true love. Ivan VassilevitchLomov was the neighbor of Stephan StepanovitchChubukov, and his daughter Natalya Stephanovna. Ivan came to Stephan’s home one day to ask for Natalya’s hand in marriage. Stephan was overjoyed and agreed to the marriage. Stephan went and got Natalya so Ivan and her can talk. Before Ivan could ask the question they began to argue about a small area of land and who it belonged to. That went on for a little while, until Ivan left. Once Stephan found out Ivan left, he told Natalya why Ivan came. Natalya begged her father to return Ivan. Once he returned the father brought up marriage, Ivan and Natalya agreed and then they kissed. The content of both stories is similar but different. They both involve a male and female engaged in some sort of relationship. In the Country Lovers , the two grew up together and gradually built a relationship. Whereas in The Proposal, Ivan and Natalya were long time neighbors and Ivan felt he was getting old so he asked a woman who he knew for a long time hand in marriage. Paulus and Thebedi’s relationship was forbidden because of race, but Ivan and Natalya’

Comparison of Islamic and State Schools

Comparison of Islamic and State Schools How Muslim parents make their decision of sending their children to Islamic schools or to State schools. The study of how Muslim parents decide to send their children to either Islamic Schools or public has now been studied for some time and it has provided different answers for different questions. This study has mainly been carried out because of the now increasing evidence if the cultural and political differences being seen as a result of the diverse cultures and religion in existence amongst people of different ethnicities in the world. For one to understand the strong differences that occur in peoples cultures and beliefs, it is critical to look at the origin of the process of acculturation in a particular community or society. Acculturation is the process whereby there is exchange of certain aspects of a culture between two different cultural societies. The acculturation process usually begins at childhood. This is because children are easily socialized in the norms that are involved in their culture and this affects their social outlook as they grow up. Education on the other hand is the transmission of information and knowledge from one generation to the next. Education is a basic of every person today to gain education. The Islamic culture encourages its members to seek knowledge. This is viewed to be one of the most precious things that one can acquire in life because it enhances intellectual growth. Education is an individual asset which no one can take away from another and which is necessary in going through life. In life and in Islam the greatest value of education is to enable one to provide good leadership mostly amongst the youth. The major objective of Islam is to enable the development of ones character and also ones Islamic personality and this is what is emphasized in many Islamic schools. Parents play a major role in educating their children. The initial education provided to children under the guidance of their parents is very important and shows the parents role. As children grow the society they grow around has a great impact in influencing the character of every individual child. However, the bad news is that Muslims have been evidenced to be the most illiterate in the world in a study conducted in all Muslim nations. This has led to many parents who value more unlimited education for their children to send them to schools abroad to the western countries. This has proved to be advantageous to their children but has also led to the introduction of unseen challenges to both the parents and the children. For example in Britain, the Muslims send their children to government schools and then they teach them at home or in the mosques. Consequently, like any other normal school in the world, in state schools children would often face problems like discriminating or bullying based upon their religious orientation. The damage whether it is psychological or physical can impact the behavior and can influence the Muslim students performance in the classroom. From the Muslim parents perspective, the knowledge that their children would receive is going to be through a secular perspective and this often will be open and unbiased towards any particular religion. As a result, there emerged two choices for Islamic parents to choose in educating their children. This is whether to send them to Islamic schools or to state schools. This problem started in the advent of the twentieth century and due to mainly Western influence and sometimes colonialism, Muslim parents sometimes preferred imparting only secular knowledge to their children. The weak students were mainly sent to religious schools known as Madrasas within their countries. However those who migrated to the west chose to take their children to both public and religious schools for a number of reasons. These reasons applied both to those in the west and those in the middle-east. One of the best and most popular reasons among Muslim parents for the reason as to why they send their children to Islamic schools is that it provides the perfect surrounding to learn the Muslim culture because of an Islamic surrounding and environment. For example, children in Muslim schools socialize with other children of the Islamic following and pray together in the Islamic way. They are more importantly exposed to modern vices that exist in urban and westernized schools such as fornication, alcohol and drugs. Moreover, Muslim schools are ideal centers to provide identity in the society for children. To prove this, some interviewed Muslim children attest that their parents would most likely send them to an Islamic school if there is the presence of one in their locality. This shows the preference of many Muslim parents. According to one Islamic based teacher in New York by the name of Yahiya Emerick states that Islamic Schools provide the children with the opportunity to be able to identify themselves with the Islamic community and its values and thus it provides a sense of belonging to the children and they feel that they belong to a certain community and proud to be identified with it. To support this view, the president of the Muslim Education Council in Virginia points out that these Islamic schools provide a sense of self-worth, pride and cultural identity that the children cannot acquire in a public or State school. His organization teaches mostly administrators and educators about Islam and the Middle Eastern culture. He also adds that the sense of identity comes from not only socializing with other Muslim children and praying together but also from memories of praying and reciting Islamic scriptures, listening to the Adhan and talking about the problems facing the Islamic society and this pr oved to be priceless for an Islamic individual in the future. However, there are many other reasons why parents sometimes prefer taking their children to Islamic school. For example is that for example if a parent realizes that his child is turning into being rude and unruly, the parent may result in looking for a quick solution to the situation at hand and decide to send his child to an Islamic school and this is estimated to be the case that has led about one third of the children in Islamic schools to be admitted there. This however has proved to be highly disadvantageous to Islamic schools because some of the children expelled from public schools because of gross misconduct are being dumped in Muslim schools. This is said to be the result of the attitude of most Muslim parents that the Muslim institutions are effective correction centers for their children instead of public schools which they see as having a higher probability of being a catalyst for their childrens bad behavior. This has sometimes led to some parents complaining sometimes that Islamic schools are being a bad influence on their childrens behavior at times but Islamic institutions have been quick to point out that the children didnt all come a being of good conduct in the society and some had come from public school. Another good reason why Muslim parent take their children to Muslim school is because they are more exposed to Islamic knowledge in Muslim schools. The former president of the young Muslims of Canada which is an organization based in Ontario, Taha Ghayyur says that a lot of Canadian born Muslim children have a lot of difficulty in studying Arabic writings and the Quran and because of their interaction with other cultures, they tend to have a little difference in their view to Islam in comparison to their Middle-Eastern brothers and sisters. However, there are a number of Islamic followers who also believe that the information mainly acquired in Islamic schools is much more limited as compared to that gained in Public schools. One of the people who support this view is Shabbir Mansuri who is the founding director if the institute of Fountain Valley which is a Council on Islamic Education based in California. Taking his example, he has three daughters of which only the youngest attends an Islamic school because Islamic schools were not available before when his two other daughters were growing up. He points out that in the case of his younger daughter, she has been able to recite the Surahs and scriptures from the Quran but he also sees that the Islamic schools have not made a difference in the understanding of the Quranic scriptures. This is considered to be one advantage of State schools because they help the children understand what they are studying, This and many other reasons give cause to the decision of enrolling their children in state schools. One reason for example is that in most public schools mostly in the west, state school education is usually provided free by the government. This is an economic consideration by most parents in the world. for example in the situation of Islamic parents living in the west, it is only when they grew in numbers and acquired more resources that they opened more Islamic schools starting from kindergarten to high school. As a result, it is estimated that in places like in Northern America alone, there are presently about three hundred Islamic schools which provide integrated education. In cases of where there were lower resources, the children were taken to state schools during the weekdays and to Islamic schools during the weekends. Another factor is that due to the high enrolment rates to public schools, there are a higher number of individuals from different social and economic backgrounds and this is not always a bad factor as and enables children to embrace people of different backgrounds. This is a point supported by many liberal Islamic families living in the West. Other factors which give an advantage to state schools over Islamic schools are that have sometimes better qualified and trained and certified teachers who provide standard teaching to the children. The teachers are mainly objective in impacting the required knowledge on the students and monitoring the students progress. This is the main reason that many Islamic parents sometimes send their children from the middle-east to the western schools. This can be evidenced by the children of the monarchs of Saudi Arabia and Dubai. In conclusion, it can be observed that the boundaries of knowledge are expanding on a daily basis and in the western world; Muslim parents are facing an ever-increasing challenge of deciding the right school for their children. It overall clear that the every parent would like to enroll his or her child in a school that provides academic excellence and spiritual growth but it is mostly the role of the parents to weigh the better option between Islamic schools and public schools. This is by putting their disadvantages and disadvantages together and considering what is best for their children. References Lawrence D., (2005). A Concise History of the Middle East . London; Westview Press Levy, Reuben (1969). The Social Structure of Islam. UK: Cambridge University Press. Ridgeon, L (2003). Major World Religions (1st ed.). London. Routledge Curzon publishers. Shahid A. (1998). Sex Education : An Islamic Perspective .London. Oxford University Press. Hamsa Y. (2002). Understanding Islamic Education and Elements of Success. Cairo: Alhambra Productions

To His Coy Mistress: Beneath The Romance Essay -- essays research pape

Few would argue that on the surface level of Marvel's "To His Coy Mistress" the speaker is a lover advancing a conventional 'carpe diem' line of thought. He systematically reasons with his desired object about the futility of delaying their interlude when the hours available to them are limited, but the lyric may simultaneously function as a metaphor for Marvel's endeavors as a metaphysical poet. Metaphysical writers view poetry as an intellectual exercise, an opportunity to develop ideas in a logical, argumentative structure; for them, the object of poetry is not to serve as an outlet for an effusion of emotional sentiments. If one approaches "To a Coy Mistress" as a discussion of the pressures which time places upon a writer, Marvel's apostrophe takes on an ironic twist. He uses his analytical skills to coax his writing to manifest his intended desires, providing a playful look at the connection between a man and his work. Complicating this relationship is the necessity of negotiating under the terms and constraints of an outside third party: time. Marvel battles to balance his time between his public occupation as a member of the British Parliament, the Hull, and his more private pursuits as a writer. The superficially apparent pleas of a lover seeking a relationship serve as a mirror to Marvel's struggle to conquer his artistic prowess.The poem itself contains three distinct components of argumentation, all which occur within a syllogistic framework. The argumentation of each division begins with an acknowledged impossibility, represented by the conditional tenses of "Had we," "But," and "Now, therefore." Marvel comprehends his incapacity to master absolutely the antagonist of time, but in this poem, he achieves a victory through the creation of an interpretation of time unbounded by a linear backdrop. He uses a three tiered progression of argumentation: 1) a reflection of the writing process removed from traditional conceptions of time; 2) discourse on the urgency of creating written material wi thin human time frames; and 3) the presentation of written material as a celebration of life.In the first division, Marvel creates a world ideally conducive to his endeavors as a writer by distorting human measurement of time. In the beginning line, the vast and illimitable capacity of the backdrop blurs the re... ...al games, is advancing a more complex message. One of the hallmarks of metaphysical poets is the practice of metaphysical conceit, which is a figure of speech that employs unconventional and paradoxical images. Marvel engages in the challenging task of relating the struggles of a writer trying to direct his energy and ideas into a concrete format to the attempts of a lover trying to convince another to engage in sexual relations. The syllogistic framework of the poem seems to support the implausibility of such a relationship, but Marvel succeeds with his logical progression in formulating a unique perspective of a writer's plight. By constantly shifting its pace, the poem redefines the conception of time, asking one to consider how an artist must control his medium within time's constraints. The audience feels itself being gently introduced to the endless possibilities of the exploration of ideas just before entering a race against time to understand the frustration, fear and the ultimate explosion of excitement accompanying the writing experience. Marvel succeeds in validating the metaphysical tenets of prose, but only if the audience is clever enough to read beneath the romance.