Self as a Writer Building Writing Skills upon Basic...

Picture this: an aspiring pianist has just mastered their basic set of scales; they can play them moderately well and have a strong feeling of accomplishment at having mastered this difficult task. This young pianist is then asked to play Ludwig van Beethoven’s Moonlight Sonata. Overwhelmed, they attempt to sight read this exquisite piece of music and to their ultimate frustration they cannot play it. It is at that moment when the pianist realizes that though they have put forth all possible effort, their resources and previous knowledge prevent them from playing this piece to its full potential. After practice, trial and error, and dedication, they will be able to successfully play better in time. This same approach can be used with†¦show more content†¦I was conscious of my vocabulary from having read numerous books daily as a child, but was negligent in the field of theme statements, theses, and all other writing techniques. Now, I feel confident that I possess the necessary qualities to write a formal essay. I have always felt distain hearing improper grammar; therefore, I never use it myself. Before, I felt self-conscious using line after line of description while setting a scene in a creative story, having now read Nathanial Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter, this fear of overdoing description has long passed. Although strengths determine the success of an author, their weaknesses are just as prominent in their work. The converse of strength is weakness, which is defined in the Dictionary as â€Å"an inadequate quality.† Though it is no excuse, my generation has grown on the idea that spell check solves all problems. That theory is untrue. Due to the excessive use of spell check as a child, I am underdeveloped in my ability to properly spell words or phrases. When given a list of choices, I am able to pick out the correctly spelled word but when given a blank page and a pencil I cannot remember how to spell it. It is because of this reason that the weakness that I struggle most with is my spelling. Spell check has become an invaluable tool of success for me and without it I would frustrate my teachers and peers. Other than spelling, my other weakness is procrastination. I will procrastinate while workingShow MoreRelatedThe Literate Arts Are Not Needed: They Are Wanted Essay1924 Words   |  8 Pageseasier and more effective. We learn to talk at an early age well before we learn to read and write, but the communication skills of children are less refined. Toddlers will make sentences using the important words while skipping other. They are able to get their point across with sentences like â€Å"me hungry.† They use body language, but with their limited communication skills they are not always able to express their feelings and emotions. Toddlers will get frustrated easily because they are notRead MoreStatment of Intents for MS Program in Aeronautical and Astronautical Engineering 1446 Words   |  6 Pagesa part of the application for MS program in Aeronautical and Astronautical Engineering He had a suspicion of plausible answers; they were so often wrong. – Arthur C. Clarke, Rendezvous with Rama. I believe that the above words of sci-fi writer Arthur Clarke have multiple connotations – to life, human nature or science. Or even computational studies. Higher ideologies aside, I am certain that I had always possessed a predilection towards fields that involved a scientific mindset – fieldsRead MoreLanguage Is A Building Block For Success2137 Words   |  9 PagesAssignment 1 – Reading Acquisition Language is a building block for success. It is a simple fact that the more you read, the more you expose your mind to discovery, creativity and imagination. Nelson-Royes, 2012 states that reading is well and truly at the heart of all learning and is a central tool, which connects all other learning areas of the curriculum. Becoming literate is undeniably a critical achievement in today’s society and not only focuses on a child’s ability to read and write but ratherRead More I Believe Essay2050 Words   |  9 PagesI Believe I believe that education is the basic foundation of any society, and that the way in which a student is motivated during their education will inevitably determine their degree of success or failure in the future. Only after my graduation from high school and my entrance into college did I realize how significant the role of a teacher really is in relation to the shaping of a society. In their classrooms, they have the privilege of instructing the individuals who will be the doctorsRead MoreCreative Dance7322 Words   |  30 Pagescreative dance lessons typically focus on development of the motor skills involved, with little concern for the experience’s aesthetic potential. In arts education, the primary focus is creative dance’s aesthetic potential. Advocates view creative dance not only as having potential for developing motor skills or aesthetic sensibility, but as a means to improve students’ self-concept and as a valuable component of an integrated curriculu m. Upon closer scrutiny, however, these different ways of justifyingRead MoreNarrative Text10129 Words   |  41 PagesUSING CARTOON MOVIE FOR DEVELOPING NINTH GRADERS’ WRITING SKILL OF NARRATIVE TEXT AT SMPN 1 DASUK A THESIS PROPOSAL Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree Of Sarjana Pendidikan in English By †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. ENGLISH DEPARTMENT FACULTY OF LANGUAGE AND ARTS SURABAYA STATES UNIVERSITY 2010 TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER I I INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the Study 1.2 Reasons for Choosing the Topic 1.3 Statements of the Problem The Objectives of the Study The Significant ofRead MoreReading Is Not A Natural Activity Essay2161 Words   |  9 Pagesset of gradually acquired component skills initially learned independently, but later integrated and automated† (Turner, 1995, p. 80). According to this quote the ability to read is not something that children are born with, but a skill that needs to be taught and worked on until it happens without thought. As human beings we are exposed to reading everywhere in our day-to-day life, even if we do not notice it. Therefore, being able to read is a crucial skill to acquire. Learning the code, makingRead MoreCurriculum Development- Let Review9921 Words   |  40 Pageswhich emphasizes rules of grammar, reading, rhetoric and logic and mathematics needed for basic education which gives importance to the 3Rs while college education is for liberal education * Arthur Bestor, an essentialist, believes that the school should be the training ground for the intellect, hence, curriculum should give emphasis on the fundamental disciplines – grammar, literature, writing, mathematics, science, history and even foreign language. * Joseph Schwab believesRead MoreThe Importance of Considering Philosophical and Psychological Foundations in Developing a Curriculum.9983 Words   |  40 PagesIn the name of Allah, the most Gracious, the dispenser of Grace. CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT ( HMEF5073 ) Part A THE IMPORTANCE OF CONSIDERING PHILOSOPHICAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS IN DEVELOPING A CURRICULUM. A comprehensive view of the curriculum requires a consideration of the nature and needs of the individual, the aspirations and requirements of society, and the process by which the individual incorporates experience. As the study on curriculum is very wide, the audience chosen should beRead MoreHistory of Early Childhood Education - Comenius, Froebel, Montessori2654 Words   |  11 PagesPaper History of Early Childhood Education Comenius, Froebel, Montessori 1. John Amos Comenius John Amos Comenius (1592-1670) was a Czech theologian, philosopher, teacher and writer who thought education could improve society. He advocated universal textbooks language and believed children would enjoy learning more if they were methodically taught in early years. Comenius thought instruction should move from general to specific, from easy to difficult and believed to engage children with

Obsolescence Is Perpetuated By Design - 1659 Words

In the past, products were made to last. Some people still have old watches and record players that have been passed down through generations, which remain in working condition. In reality, most items, which were made prior to World War I, have been found to be long lasting, durable, and reliable. In contemporary society we are faced with a dilemma, due to the fact that if all products were built to last as they were previously, various industries would shut down, and consequently, millions of workers would become unemployed. Furthermore, the overall goal and strategy of obsolescence is to motivate the population to buy more, and additionally, be occupied within a perpetual cycle of consumerism – by purchasing and replacing products in order to keep respective industries open, and to keep products flying off the shelves. The following essay will exploit exactly how obsolescence is perpetuated by design, from the past through to the present. The birth of obsolescence occurred in the early 20th century, with Bernard London’s acclaimed pamphlet â€Å"Ending the Depression Through Planned Obsolescence†. The essence of London’s thesis was to essentially advocate for a plan in order to stimulate consumerism and productivism in the United States. As a result, the American Government imposed obsolescence upon consumer articles, in order to perpetuate the population’s consumption of products . This movement is strongly affiliated with the infamous â€Å"Light Bulb Conspiracy† – a commercialShow MoreRelatedObsolescence And Technology Has Been A Major Driver Of Human History1749 Words   |  7 PagesObsolescence and Technology Obsolescence has been an issue for much of human history, largely due to the constant drive to innovate. Constantly advancing modern technology has been a major driver of human history, whether we look at ancient tools used by prehistoric human ancestors or at the constant advancement of the microprocessor. While this constant advancement has been good in many regards (lengthening the average human lifespan due to medical technology advancement), it has also had its drawbacksRead MoreWaste Management33554 Words   |  135 Pagesaccounting firm to provide any non-audit service to an issuer contemporaneously with the audit, including: (1) bookkeeping or other services related to the accounting records or financial statements of the audit client; (2) financial information systems design and implementation; (3) appraisal or valuation services, fairness opinions, or contribution-in-kind reports; (4) actuarial services; (5) internal audit outsourcing services; (6) management functions or human resources; (7) broker or dealer, investmentRead MoreChange Management49917 Words   |  200 Pagesorganizations with rigid hierarchies, high degree of functional specialization, narrow and limited job descriptions, inflexible rules and procedures, and impersonal management can’t respond adequately to the demands for change. The organizations need designs that are flexible and adaptive. They also need systems that require both, and allow greater commitment and use of talent on the part of employees and managers. The organizations that do not bring about timely change in appropriate ways are unlikelyRead MoreContemporary Issues in Management Accounting211377 Words   |  846 PagesContract theory analysis of managerial accounting issues Stanley Baiman 3. Reframing management accounting practice: a diversity of perspectives Jane Baxter and Wai Fong Chua 4. Management accounting and digitization Alnoor Bhimani 5. The contingent design of performance measures Robert H. Che nhall 6. Integrated cost management Robin Cooper and Regine Slagmulder 7. Capital bugeting and informational impediments: a management accounting perspective Lawrence A. Gordon, Martin P. Loeb, and Chih-Yang TsengRead MoreTeaching Notes Robert Grant - Strategy 4th Edition51665 Words   |  207 Pagesprimarily the result of building sustainable competitive advantage through deploying internal resources and capabilities to exploit the key success factors within the ï ¬ rm’s industry environment. We will analyze the potential for competitive advantage and design strategies that can build comparative advantage. Thus, the essence of the overall framework is to address the development and management of internal resources and capabilities in relation to the external environment to achieve competitive advantageRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 PagesManager: Kelly Warsak Senior Operations Supervisor: Arnold Vila Operations Specialist: Ilene Kahn Senior Art Director: Janet Slowik Interior Design: Suzanne Duda and Michael Fruhbeis Permissions Project Manager: Shannon Barbe Manager, Cover Visual Research Permissions: Karen Sanatar Manager Central Design: Jayne Conte Cover Art: Getty Images, Inc. Cover Design: Suzanne Duda Lead Media Project Manager: Denise Vaughn Full-Service Project Management: Sharon Anderson/BookMasters, Inc. Composition: IntegraRead MoreManagement Course: Mba−10 General Management215330 Words   |  862 PagesThey studied how the physical characteristics of the workplace contribute to job stress that often leads to fatigue and thus poor performance. They isolated factors that result in worker fatigue, such as lighting, heating, the color of walls, and the design of tools and machines. Their pioneering studies paved the way for new advances in management theory. In workshops and factories, the work of the Gilbreths, Taylor, and many others had a major effect on the practice of management. In comparison with

Discrimination In The Work Environment Free Essays

string(65) " since they belong to the minority group in American population\." Discrimination in places of work is unfair treatment of workers by their employers or by their fellow workers. In workplace discrimination, the employers pay no attention to complainants who are discriminated and in many instances they ignore the kind of harassment these particular people experience. This has a tremendous negative impact on job performance since the discriminated individual are discouraged to perform effectively and this in turn affects the output in that particular company or organization. We will write a custom essay sample on Discrimination In The Work Environment or any similar topic only for you Order Now In the US, the state laws prohibit unfair treatment of people in their respective places of work. Discrimination in the workplace is mainly based on age, sex, race, religion, disability, nationality, intelligence and pregnancy. All the forms of discrimination are prohibited by the law in the United States and the employer is in no way entitled to harass one since he or she is not a U. S. citizen. In America discrimination is prevalent today just as it was in early 19th century. Some observers have claimed that there has been tremendous improvement following the passing of the Civil Rights Act in 1964 by the government. The act provided for the prosecution of those accused of discriminating workers on basis of their religion, race, skin color, age or nationality. The 1964 Civil Right Act provided for equal treatment of employees in the workplace. However, discrimination in the workplace continues to increasingly becoming common in the modern America (Hughes Dodge, 1997). There are two major categories of discrimination: disparate treatment and disparate impact. Disparate treatment is an incidence where by one is treated differently from other employees by the employer on the basis of gender, age, sex, race, nationality or disability. The state laws prohibit unfair treatment of workers such as one being allocated difficult assignments or more work load than other fellow workers under taking the same work. Demotions, less payments and being laid off unjustly are other forms of disparate treatments common in the work environment. Disparate impact is a liability theory which prohibits employers from practicing unlawful discrimination during employment. Although it may appear neutral, disparate impact negatively impacts against particular ethnic, racial or sex group. It can also have a negative impact on individuals of a given religious group or the disabled. In this case an employer, for instance comes up with tests or selection criteria that are facially neutral and not related to the job requirements so as to do away with people of particular race, nationality, and religion. The test may also include the lifting of requirement which is not correlated to the actual job so as to do away with nearly all the aged workers or women (Hughes Dodge, 1997). Sexual harassment is a very common form of discrimination experienced globally where one is coerced to provide sexual favors by the fellow workers, bosses or the supervisors. Sexual harassment from the fellow workers makes it difficult for one to work conveniently and peacefully. Sexual harassment from the boss or the supervisors comes about where one is coerced to admit a sexual affair so as to acquire a particular job, be promoted or be retained in the company or organization. Consequently those who fail to give in to the sexual requests are eventually fired, denied the job vacancy or demoted. This form of discrimination affects a wide range of groups particularly those belonging to different nationalities, race and skin color. In the U. S, sexual harassment in work places is illegal although this practice continues to affect workers leading to reduced output. It is recommended that those experiencing such discrimination should report immediately to the respective personalities. Those harassed by the fellow workers and supervisors should report the matter to the employer as soon as possible since the employer may claim later that he or she was never informed of that kind of behavior when it was taking place. One should make a written complaint and remain with a copy as well. Those harassed by employers should take a legal action by filing a case and seek help from required administrative agencies or from lawyers (Hughes Dodge, 1997). Gender based discrimination is a form of harassment based on sex and it takes place in various places of work in the world. Although human rights dictate that individuals should not be discriminated on the basis of sex, women have always faced major discrimination in the work places and during recruitment. For instance, in different Wal-Marts in the United States, women are given heavy tasks to perform yet limited to further training privileges and the salary paid to them is not worthy the work they do. When the employers are asked about their actions, they readily defend themselves by accusing women of being psychologically emotional and cannot make critical decisions practically. Women are usually not given equal training as men so as to acquire relevant skills which can help them properly fit in the challenging world. The argument supplied in support of this treatment is that women can quit the job at any time since they are not the breadwinners in the house have little to care about. Moreover, other reasons have been suggested that women have other duties to meet in the house or may claim to have small babies to take care of and therefore training women in the same level with men could imply wastage of funds, energy and time. However, it is time for women to be treated equally as men since they have proved to attain similar qualifications as men and perform roles which were traditionally meant for men. Additionally, women are the cornerstone of every development and the thriving of an economy is determined by both men and women (Hughes Dodge, 1997). Another form of discrimination in the work environment is racial discrimination which has become a widespread problem in America and other Western states. For instance, in various places of work, the African-Americans are treated differently since they belong to the minority group in American population. You read "Discrimination In The Work Environment" in category "Papers" Research reveals that a small number of African-Americans are employed in companies owned by Native Americans. The problem of racial discrimination also affects the Hispanic – Americans which further shows how racial discrimination has taken root in the work environment. Some of the employers have openly admitted that they don’t work either with Hispanic- Americans or African- Americans. Although equality is supported by civil rights laws and also protected by the constitution many have not changed their hearts on the practice of racism. Race victims facing harassment from co- workers normally work in a hostile and non- conducive environment which is not favorable for better production. Employees are also a bother to them especially when they are finding ways to get rid of them. Racial bias in work places determines job quality and should be discouraged in every organization (Hughes Dodge, 1997). Age discrimination is another form of discrimination that mostly affects the old people in various workplaces. However, young people are also discriminated of their age and considered not competent even when they have the required qualifications while seeking jobs. The old people are regarded as mentally worn out and cannot continue to serve and execute their normal roles in companies and organizations. Employment Act of 1967 in United States protects persons who are 40 years as well as all the aged people. The act ensures those who are applying for the job are protected from discrimination because of their age with respect to terms and conditions of the job. The act ensures that these old people are recruited without any form of discrimination and protects them from being laid off from their places of work with no cause. The act also addresses the challenges encountered by these old people when they are searching new jobs after being fired from other jobs. The justification behind this form of discrimination claimed by employers is that aged people are not energetic dynamic and effective as the youth and this implies they perform poorly in the production process. This should not be the case since the old are endowed with work knowledge and experience. There is also youth discrimination also referred to as adultism. This form of discrimination is clearly evident where teenagers between 15-25 years are limited to acquiring jobs. But this kind of discrimination is craved as a paternalistic agenda of protecting the youth since they are supposed to be treated with care and respect by the older workers. Teenagers are also perceived to be rebellious, violent and drug addicts because they are in their adolescent stage hence not convenient to work with them. Moreover, they are also fond of listening to music and this could lead to wastage of time instead of one concentrating with the allocated task (Hughes Dodge, 1997). Intelligence based discrimination is also another serious form of discrimination in America where people with low intelligence are highly underprivileged. This form of discrimination has not acquired prevalent attention and an enormous number of individuals have been limited to or denied access to certain opportunities and successes as a result their perceived level of intelligence. This kind of discrimination in some work places is exercised against those who have low IQ, those who work slowly, not fluent or smooth talkers. Favors are poured on the so called ‘smart people’ since they can finish the allocated task faster or tends to think faster . They are promoted and perceived as the intelligent. Others achieve bigger jobs since they can express themselves appropriately or are fluent talkers than others. The disadvantaged are the fools who to have work harder than smart people do work so as to reach the same goal and thus putting extra efforts is the only solution to raise them to the top despite terms and conditions in place. Intelligence is a trait inherited from birth just like skin color. Being not fluent in speaking, or a slow thinker should not be taken advantage of since such people are also human beings and should be treated fairly and should have equal opportunities with smart people. There could be aspects in them which can be utilized and lead to improved productivity in the workplace. Accurate measurements on one’s capabilities to perform a particular task should be the ones to be considered. Besides, many have no idea those perceived to be fools can do excellent work than the ones perceived to be the ‘smart people’. Fools also portray absolute perfect leadership roles. Their leadership has great gains to an organization because they adhere to observance of the rules and cannot devise plans of coming out with evil strategies against the company. Moreover, human beings are not created with equal abilities and every one has unique talents which when appreciated can improve the performance of the organization effectively. Religious discrimination is another raging problem in several U. S work places (Hughes Dodge, 1997). . Religious believers view their faith as their main source of good will and peace but in many situations it is the main source of enmity, hatred, violence and division. Civil rights act 1964 and United States constitution inhibits work places from discriminating individuals on basis of their religion in terms and conditions of employment. The act also protects employees belonging to different religions from harassments such as being fired, demoted or limited to salary increments or promotion since they belong to a religion which the employer hates. It is also illegal to hinder one from exercising his or her religious practices in the place of work. . The practices include religious holidays such as Christmas day, Sabbath day observance, wearing of special gowns like those worn by Muslims . The employer is also supposed to consider those who request for prayer breaks during work sessions. The law also covers one’s ethnic beliefs. Nowadays Christians and individuals from other religions are suppressed by secular forces in their places of work. In America Federal laws are enacted to make sure religious discrimination is not exercised. This constituent of Christian liberty is a right to all people of every faith to get involved in every privileges of the society without encountering harassment on basis of ones religion. Civil Rights Division prosecutes criminal’s accused with the cases of arson and vandalism against worshiping houses. But there are occasions where by these laws are violated, for instance, a seventh day individual being commissioned to work on a Saturday,muslim forced to wear official clothes instead of their usual gowns, others fired by employers reason since he or she doesn’t like an employees religious beliefs. While others are constantly harassed by fellow workers since they hate their religion. In other instances one is forced to be converted to another religion so as to receive fair treatment by the boss or supervisor. Those who resolve to stand strong for their faith and opt to quit the job (Hughes Dodge, 1997). Pregnancy based discrimination is another key evident form of discrimination where by expectant mothers are not recruited or fired as a result of the visible pregnancy or probability coming to be pregnant. Others are denied pregnant benefits because they are not married. Others fail to be promoted because of their pregnancy. Employers don’t bear with pregnant mothers who come with claims of discomforts expectant women experience especially in early pregnancies such as morning sicknesses. Employer foresees this as an excuse to evade work load which could other wise result into low reproductive yield in the organization. Expectant mothers in America are covered by Federal and state laws which are under civil rights act 1964 the law ensures pregnant mothers are to deliver their kids without loosing their work also to leave their jobs at appropriate duration before onset of delivery period, and prohibits employer denying to grant leave pregnant mothers who are under doctor’s instructions to go for medical examination by the appropriate doctor. Employers justify their discrimination by claiming that pregnant need attention every moment and sick off leaves they request are just means of running away from performing the allocated tasks . Eventually employers count this as a loss to a company as a result of low productivity. Employers also view pregnant women as weak personnel who are not effective and efficient since they can’t work at a certain rate. .Under federal law employers who have recruited more than fifteen employers are not entitled to; deny a pregnant woman job vacancy , lay off or force an employee to quite job since she is pregnant, deduct ones accrued retirement benefits for previous years for the reason of maternity leave and retrench an employee who has done an abortion. Therefore pregnant women are in a position to work conveniently so long as the have the ability to work without any problem The supervisor or the employer is also entitled to offer maternity leave at the appropriate time and also treat pregnant women as potential workers . When a pregnant woman is not in a position to perform heavy tasks the employer is accorded to offer less difficult task (Hughes Dodge, 1997). Disability discrimination in work places is also evident where one can be laid off or not hired depending on disability status. American Disability Act is the law explains disability as a condition of any form of impairment which hinders one from performing major activities in life. The law ensures people with such impairments are not discriminated. In different work places in Americans those who are HIV positive and those with cancer history cancers are prone dramatization and discrimination . Therefore the law ensures they protected appropriately. As the saying goes ‘disability is not inability’ thus disabled qualified applicants should not be denied a particular opportunity. The employer should treat this staff member equally as others according to terms and conditions of work . Disabled people are perceived not to perform effectively towards productivity of an organization since some may require frequent medical check ups and this could lead to wastage of time. Others may not be able to walk faster also leading to wastage of time and inefficiency in job performance. Those on wheel chairs could pose to the company extra costs such as transportation cost, repair and maintenance costs on wheel chair tires to be incurred by an organization and also this particular staff member requires special treatment. The disabled also face stiff competition from other healthy workers hence discouraging their efforts. Employers take advantage of discriminating them and showing favourism to the potential employees. Employers should ensure fair treatment of the disabled since no one decides to be in such a condition they should also put in place measures which protect these victims from other co- workers. When this is in place, the disabled are able to work in a permissive environment (Hughes Dodge, 1997). In general, discrimination in the workplace constitutes racial, gender, religion intelligence, pregnancy, and age discrimination. The employers or other fellow employees may take advantage of other peoples’ weakness in exploiting and discrimination others in the workplace. People in the workplace take advantage of the underprivileged to retain them in the job. And also establish sexual affairs with employees working under them since they promise favors such as pay increments and promotion. This should be discouraged since one can contract incurable sexual diseases and also can lead to the spread of the same disease in an organization. Discrimination based on age and race should be discouraged since it curtails one’s effort in the job and in return this negatively affects the productivity. When workers are discriminated, their output is reduced since they are never comfortable in such environments. In other instances for example where religious discrimination is rampant and many are forced to withdraw from the company especially when many forced for conversion to other faiths. This automatically leads to either decline of the company or incur heavy losses which can lead to the closure of the company indeed. State law should ensure laws regarding work places are not violated and those charged with cases of discrimination should be punished or fined accordingly. Therefore discrimination in places of work should be ever legalized. Reference: Hughes,  D  Dodge,  M.A.  (1997).African  American  Women  in  the  Workplace:  Relationships    Between Job Conditions, Racial Bias at Work, and   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Perceived Job Quality.  American   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Journal of Community Psychology. 25(5):   Ã‚  Ã‚   581-599. How to cite Discrimination In The Work Environment, Papers

Regulate The Price Setting Of A Natural Monopoly †Free Samples

Question: Explain How And Why Governments May Want To Regulate The Price Setting Of A Natural Monopoly. Answer: Introduction This study deals with explaining how and when government may want to regulate the price setting of a natural monopoly (Ward Begg, 2016). The current segment explains the reasons to why Government regulates monopolies. Some of the reasons are prevention of excess prices, value of service, Monopsony power, encourage competition and normal monopolies. To that, the next segment explains how the government regulates monopolies. Price capping by controller, guideline of value of service, merger policy, breaking up a monopoly, rate of return regulation and assessment of abuse of monopoly power are some of the conduct on how Government control monopolies (Greco, Matarazzo S?owi?ski, 2016). It is noted that Government regulators faces difficulty in dealing with natural monopolies in industries such as electricity business. It is because an electricity company with a monopoly in a specific market will definitely base its price as well as output decisions on the profit maximization regulation . To this, there is requirement for government regulation as the government is intended with getting the right amount of electricity to the right number of group that means allocating efficiently. This means the Government may select to set a price ceiling for electricity at the level where the price equals the marginal cost of the firm (Vogel, 2014). A monopoly can be termed as business or organization that maintains exclusivity if the supply of a specific product or service as evolves naturally or designed specifically that depends upon the nature of a market or industry (Tietenberg Lewis, 2016). In addition, Monopolies are governed under laws both on a national levels in countries and international levels through involvement of institutions like World Trade Organization. The concept of monopoly considered as a danger to free markets where there are particular situations takes place when natural monopolies are either practically helpful or cost efficient or practically inevitable. In most of the extreme situation, it becomes the most feasible alternative for governments to break up monopolies by using lawful procedure in the most appropriate way (Greco, Matarazzo S?owi?ski, 2016). Analysis Reason to why Government regulates monopolies Preventing excess prices- It is important to understand the reason behind why Government regulates natural monopoly is to stop excess prices (Shefrin, 2015). If there is no involvement of Government, then monopolies could set prices above the competitive equilibrium as and when required. This circumstance would lead to allocating incompetence as well as decline in the customer wellbeing as a whole. Quality of service- Regulation by Government are important, otherwise firms has a monopoly over the stipulation of specific service where they may have little inducement to present to get access good quality service. When there is government intervention to natural monopoly, the firm is bound to meet minimum standards of services (Posner, 2014). Monopsony power- It is noted that a firm that has monopoly selling power tends to remain in a location to use Monopsony buying power (McCabe Snyder, 2015). For instance, supermarkets usually use their chief market position to condense the profit margins of farmers. Encourage competition- In some of the industries, it is feasible to support competition and that leads to condition where there will be less need for government instruction (Lim Yurukoglu, 2015). Natural monopolies- It is found that some of the business is natural monopolies because of high economies of scale. In addition, it is not likely to support competition in this type of business and it becomes stipulation to manage the business to evade the abuse of monopoly power (Hawley, 2015). Explain on how the Government regulates monopolies Price capping by regulators RPI-X (Retail-Prices Index)- For most of the lately privatized industries like water, gas and electricity, the government had shaped dictatorial bodies (Greco, Matarazzo S?owi?ski, 2016). OFGEM is for gas and electricity markets, OFWAT for tap water and ORR is for Office of rail regulator. Irrespective of their rationale, the Government is able to limit the increased price. They can do it with a formula (RPI-X), where X is the amount by which they have to cut prices by in real terms. For illustration, if rate of inflation is 3% and X equals 1%, then firm can improve actual prices by (3-1)= 2% (Granger, 2014). In addition, if a regulator feels that a business can make competence savings as well as charging too much from the customers, them they can set high level of X. For illustration, in the early years of telecom set of laws, the level was quite high as competence savings enables big price cuts (Grammenos, 2013). RPI+/-K-for water industry- In case of water, the price cap system is RPI -/+K Here, K is the amount of investment where the water firms need to execute. In addition, if water companies need to spend in better water pipes, then they will be able to boost prices to backing the speculation (Fourcade Khurana, 2013). Benefits of RPI-X Regulation One of the benefits to RPI-X Regulation is that the supervisory body can set the price increase that mainly depends upon the state of the business as well as possible efficiency savings (Cowen Tabarrok, 2015). Other benefits of RPI-X Regulation is that if a firm cut costs by more than X, they can easily increase the profits. In addition, the firm can even argue that there is an incentive to cut costs (Greco, Matarazzo S?owi?ski, 2016). Other benefits of RPI-X Regulation are surrogate competition. Without competition, RPI-X is one of the ways to increase competition as well as preventing the abuse of monopoly power (Comanor et al., 2014). Limitations of RPI-X Regulation One of the limitations of RPI-Regulation is expensive and complicated in deciding the component that what the level of X should be There is a risk of authoritarian capture where the supervisor becomes too soft on the business as well as allows them for increasing prices and making supernormal profits (Bs, 2015). In addition, business may argue with the regulators as they are stringent and do not permit the firms to make enough profits for investment (Ward Begg, 2016) For instance, if firms become very much efficient, the firms may be penalized by having higher levels of X where they cannot keep their efficiency savings (Greco, Matarazzo S?owi?ski, 2016). Regulation of quality of service- It had been found out those regulators examines the value of services as given by the monopoly (Ward Begg, 2016). For instance, the rail manager mainly inspects the safety evidence of rail firms so that they do not cut corners. Another example is gas and electricity markets where the supervisor make sure that old people are treated with care such as not allow a monopoly to cut off gas provisions in winter (Anderson, 2013). Merger policy- It is noted that the Government has the strategy where they examine mergers that could generate monopoly power. For instance, if a new merger generates a business with more than 25% of total market share, then it repeatedly referred to the Competition Commission. After that, it is the responsibility of Competition Commission to choose whether to permit or obstruct the merger (Greco, Matarazzo S?owi?ski, 2016). Breaking up a monopoly- It may happen in most of the cases where the Government can choose upon monopoly needs that are to be wrecked up when it is seen that firm has become too powerful. This type of situation hardly takes place (Ward Begg, 2016). Yardstick or rate of return regulation- Rate of return regulation is an unusual way of changeable monopolies to the RPI-X price capping. To this, this guideline looks at the size of the firm as well as evaluates on the fact on what is needed for getting access to rational level of income from the resources base. For instance, if a business is making too much profit as contrast to their relation size, then the controller may implement price cuts for solving the problem (Ward Begg, 2016). Return on return regulation also has certain limitations as it encourages cost padding (Comanor et al., 2014). For instance, the regulation is implemented when firms permit costs to increase so that profit levels are not extreme. In addition, this type of regulation provides little inducement to be competent as well as increase profits. Therefore, the rate of return directive may fail for evaluating how much profits can be rational. In that case, it the profits are set too high, and then the business can abuse its monopoly power. Assessment of abuse of monopoly power- It is noted that the office of fair training aims at examining the abuse of monopoly power. In addition, there are several unfair trading practices that take place and some of these are as follows: Collusion takes place when firms agree to set higher prices (Comanor et al., 2014) Collusive tendering takes place when business penetrate into conformity for fitting the bid at which they will tender the profits. In addition, the business will take it for receiving the agreement as well as enabling a much high price for the agreement (Greco, Matarazzo S?owi?ski, 2016). Predatory pricing takes place when the firm set low prices so that they force rival firms to go out of business (Ward Begg, 2016) Selective distribution Vertical restraints takes place when the firms prevents retailers stock rival products (Comanor et al., 2014) Conclusion From the above analysis, it is concluded that there is need for government regulation for regulating natural monopolies otherwise firms will set prices with a view to gain maximum profits and will not be considerate towards the quality of products and services assistance. The Government may wish to direct natural monopoly in order to protect the interests of the consumers. For illustration, monopolies have the market authority where they can set prices high than the aggressive markets. Ways adopted by Government to control natural monopolies can be price capping, avoiding the expansion of monopoly power and yardstick competition. References Anderson, P. (2013).Theeconomics of business valuation: towards a value functional approach. Stanford University Press. Bs, D. (2015).Pricing and price regulation: an economic theory for public enterprises and public utilities(Vol. 34). Elsevier. Comanor, G. W., Jacquemin, K., Jenny, A., Kantzenbach, F., Ordover, E., Waverman, L. (2014).Competition policy in Europe and North America: economic issues and institutions. Taylor Francis. Cowen, T., Tabarrok, A. (2015).Modern principles of economics. Palgrave Macmillan. Fourcade, M., Khurana, R. (2013). From social control to financial economics: The linked ecologies ofeconomics and business in twentieth century America.Theory and Society,42(2), 121-159. Grammenos, C. (Ed.). (2013).The handbook of maritime economics and business. Taylor Francis. Granger, C. W. J. (2014).Forecasting in business and economics. Academic Press. Greco, S., Matarazzo, B., S?owi?ski, R. (2016). Decision rule approach. InMultiple criteria decision analysis(pp. 497-552). Springer New York. Hawley, E. W. (2015).The New Deal and the problem of monopoly. Princeton University Press. Lim, C. S., Yurukoglu, A. (2015). Dynamic natural monopoly regulation: Time inconsistency, moral hazard, and political environments.Journal of Political Economy. McCabe, M. J., Snyder, C. M. (2015). Does online availability increase citations? Theory and evidence from a panel of economics and business journals.Review of Economics and Statistics,97(1), 144-165. Posner, R. A. (2014).Economic analysis of law. Wolters Kluwer Law Business. Shefrin, H. (2015). Behavioral Economics and Business. InThe Purpose of Business(pp. 193-227). Palgrave Macmillan US. Tietenberg, T. H., Lewis, L. (2016).Environmental and natural resource economics. Routledge. Vogel, H. L. (2014).Entertainment industry economics: A guide for financial analysis. Cambridge University Press. Ward, D., Begg, D. (2016).Economics for business. McGraw-Hill.